This phenomenon is representative of the switching of disconnectors in HV/MV open-air substations, and is particularly related to the switching of HV busbars, as well as to the background disturbance in industrial plants. The voltage front-wave has an evolution that includes reflections, due to the mismatching of the characteristic impedance of HV circuits involved. In this respect, the resulting transient voltage and current in HV busbars are characterized by a fundamental oscillation frequency that depends on the length of the circuit and on the propagation time.
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